Tag Archive for: Osteoporosis

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Women with Osteoporosis and Low Bone Density Are at Increased Risk of Hearing Loss

Women with Osteoporosis and Low Bone Density Are at Increased Risk of Hearing Loss - ارتباط سلامت استخوان و گوش

Hearing loss is the third most common chronic health condition in the United States. Previous studies of people with hearing loss have uncovered higher prevalence of osteoporosis — a disease in which the bones become weak and brittle — and low bone density (LBD). But research on whether these conditions may influence risk of hearing loss over time is scarce. It is also unknown whether hearing loss can be avoided by taking bisphosphonates, the primary medication used to prevent fractures in people with reduced bone density. As part of the Conservation of Hearing Study (CHEARS), researchers from Brigham and Women’s Hospital analyzed data from nearly 144,000 women who were followed for up to 34 years. They found that risk of subsequent moderate or worse hearing loss was up to 40 percent higher in study participants with osteoporosis or LBD. The study, published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, also found that bisphosphonates did not alter risk of hearing loss.

Release date: 24 May 2021
Source: Brigham and Women’s Hospital

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Some of the principal treatments for osteoporosis could reduce the incidence of COVID-19

Some of the principal treatments for osteoporosis could reduce the incidence of COVID-19 - برخی از داروهای اصلی پوکی استخوان باعث کاهش بروز کووید19 می شود

Some of the principal treatments for osteoporosis, denosumab, zoledronate and calcium, could have a protective effect against COVID-19 in patients who take them, specifically a 30 to 40% reduction in the rate of infection, according to the results of a joint study by Hospital del Mar, the Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Pompeu Fabra University and the Pere Virgili Health Park. The study, the first of its kind in the world, has just been published the journal Aging.

Release date: 3 November 2020
Source: IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)

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Stronger bones thanks to heat and microbiota

Stronger bones thanks to heat and microbiota - تاثیر آب و هوا بر پوکی استخوان
Osteoporosis, a bone disease linked to ageing, is characterised by a loss of bone density, micro-architectural deterioration of the bones and an increased risk of fractures. With one third of postmenopausal women affected, it is a major public health problem. Through epidemiological analyses, laboratory experiments and state-of-the-art metagenomic and metabolomics tools, a research team has observed that exposure to warmer ambient temperatures (34 °C) increases bone strength, while preventing the loss of bone density typical of osteoporosis. Moreover, this phenomenon, linked to a change in the composition of gut microbiota triggered by heat, could be replicated by transplanting the microbiota of mice living in a warm environment to mice suffering from osteoporosis. Indeed, after the transplant, their bones were stronger and denser. These results, to be discovered in Cell Metabolism, make it possible to imagine effective and innovative interventions for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Release date: 10 September 2020

Source: Université de Genève

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Exercise or nutrition? Which one is more important in osteoporosis?

exercise or nutrition

New study in mice demonstrate the long-term consumption of the mineral-supplemented diet benefits bone mass and strength with age. Surprisingly, nutrition has a greater impact on bone strength than exercise, says University of Michigan study.

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Exercise: From Birth to Death

Exercise From Birth to Death

Participating in organized sports during childhood and adolescence is associated with greater whole body and leg bone mineral content at 20 years of age, a new study led by Curtin University researchers finds.

Tag Archive for: Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis

  • Osteoporosis

    Osteoporosis Banner

Definition:


Osteoporosis literally means porous bone. According to NIH definition osteoporosis a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk of fracture. It is common, silent, measurable, treatable and potentially lethal disease.

osteoporosis
osteoporosis

A Major Health Threat


  • In the US 34 million individuals have low bone mass and 10 million have osteoporosis.
  • Up to 50% of postmenopausal women will suffer an osteoporotic-related fracture within their lifetime. 30% of all women reaching 90 years of age will suffer a hip fracture.
  • 25% of men over age 50 will develop related fractures in their lifetime.

Classification


Primary

Type 1: Postmenopausal (six times more common in women)

Type 2: Involutional or senile osteoporosis (twice as common in women)

Idiopathic osteoporosis: Occurs in children and young adults of both sexes with normal gonadal function.

Secondary

  • Endocrine disorders:
    • Estrogen Deficiency
    • Testosterone Deficiency
    • Cushing’s Syndrome (Hypercortisolism)
    • Hyperparathyroidism
    • Hyperthyroidism
  • Gastrointestinal/Nutritional Disorders
    • Vitamin D Deficiency
    • Anorexia Nervosa
    • Celiac Disease
    • Malabsorption
    • Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC)
    • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
  • Chronic Drug Therapy
    • Anticonvulsants
    • Glucocorticoids
  • Genetic Disorders
    • Osteogenesis Imperfecta
  • Other Conditions
    • Immobilization
    • Post-transplantation
    • Hematologic Marrow Infiltration (e.g. Lymphoma, Multiple Myeloma)
    • Connective Tissue Disease (e.g. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)



osteoporosis

osteoporosis

Risk Factors


  • Highest risk
    • Caucasian or Asian
    • Female
    • Thin or Petite
    • Elderly
  • Increased Risk
    • Cigarette Smoking
    • Alcohol Abuse
    • Positive Family History
    • Sedentary lifestyle
    • Low Dietary Calcium Intake

Clinical Features


  • Osteoporosis usually starts silently and may not be uncovered until a bone fractures.
  • Osteoporosis usually causes pain when complicated by fracture.
  • First presentation is often a fracture (Colles, femoral neck and vertebra)
  • Vertebral collapse is the hallmark of osteoporosis which can lead to height shrinkage

osteoporosis
osteoporosis

Investigations


  • Densitometry: High standard quality
  • Plain Radiography
    • Limited value
    • Osteoporosis is not detectable until more than 40% of bone lost.
  • 25-hydroxy vitamin D: Most useful test
  • Plasma calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase: Usually normal
  • Thyroid stimulating hormone.
  • Rule out of multiple myeloma in osteoporotic area.

Bone Mass Densitometry (BMD) is recommended for


  • All women ≥ 65 and men ≥ 70, regardless of risk factors
  • Younger postmenopausal women and men 50- 70 with concern based on clinical risk factor profile
  • Adults who have a fracture after age 50
  • Adults taking a medication (e.g. steroids) or with a condition (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis) associated with bone loss
  • Men with testosterone deficiency
  • Anyone being treated for osteoporosis to monitor therapy

National Osteoporosis Foundation, 2013

Interpretation of BMD


Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA):

Current gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. It assesses

  • whole-body mass (lumbar spine)
  • Regional bone mass (head of femur).

Bone Mass Densitometry (BMD)

  • T score: The number of standard deviations (SD) away from the mean BMD of a 30-year-old adult
    • Normal: ≥ -1
    • Osteopenia: -1 to -2.5
    • Osteoporosis: ≤ -2.5
    • Severe Osteoporosis: < -2.5 with Pathological Fractures
  • Z score: The number of SDs away from the age- and sex-matched mean BMD.
    • Used to express bone density in patients <50 years, children, premenopausal women, and younger men.
    • Low (< – 2): Indicates investigation for underlying causes of a bone deficit.

Prevention and Treatment


Nonpharmacologic

  • Adequate Nutrition: keep BMI >18
  • Lifestyle Factors: Stop smoking. Limit alcohol and caffeine intake.
  • Hip protectors: In High risk patients. Adherence is poor.
  • Adequate Dietary Intake of Calcium [show_more more=”ShowMore” less=”ShowLess” color=#4fafb9] [/show_more]
  • Vitamin D/Sunlight [show_more more=”ShowMore” less=”ShowLess” color=#4fafb9] [/show_more]
  • Exercise [show_more more=”ShowMore” less=”ShowLess” color=#4fafb9] [/show_more]
  • Fall Prevention [show_more more=”ShowMore” less=”ShowLess” color=#4fafb9] [/show_more]

Pharmacotherapy

  • Antiresorptive Agents
    • Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT/HRT)
    • Selective Estrogen Receptors Modulators (SERMs)
      • Raloxifene
    • Bisphosphonates
      • Alendronate
      • Risedronate
      • Ibandronate
      • Zoledronic Acid
    • Denosumab
  • Anabolic (Bone-Building) Agent
    • Teriparatide (Parathyroid Hormone)
  • Newer Therapies
    • New Antiresorptive Agents
      • Osteoprotegerin
      • Cathepsin K inhibitor- Odanacatib
      • New SERM’ s
    • New Anabolic Agents:
      • Anti-Sclerostin Antibody
      • Romosozumab
      • Blosozumab
    • New forms of PTH

Treatment Monitoring


  • 2 years after therapy begins
  • 1–2 years after therapy changes significantly (More frequently in patients with higher risk of bone loss)

Recent Studies Show


  • Romosozumab maybe be preferable to Alendronate (Details)
  • Children and adolescents who exercise regularly will face lower risk of osteoporosis in elderly. (Details)
  • Nutrition may be superior to exercise in osteoporosis prevention (Details)
  • Consumption of too much vitamin A may harms bones (Details)