Orthopedic Tests

Musculoskeletal System Examination

shoulder

Elbow

Waist & Hip

Knee

Ankle

Wrist

Cervical Spine

Lumbar Spine

Cervical and Upper Limb

Cervical Spine Tests

– Spurling/neck compression test:

Spurling neck compression test

Purpose: Diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy
Description: A positive test is reproduction of radicular symptoms distant from the neck with passive lateral flexion and compression of the head.
Sensitivity: 40-60 %
Specificity: 92-100%

– Shoulder abduction (relief) sign:

Shoulder abduction (relief) sign

Purpose: Diagnosis and conservative management of patients suffering from cervical radiculopathy
Description: A positive test is relief or reduction of ipsilateral cervical radicular symptoms with active abduction of the ipsilateral arm with the hand on the head.
Sensitivity: 43-50 %
Specificity: 80-100 %

– Neck distraction test:
– Lhermitte sign:
– Hoffmann sign:

Thoracic Outlet Tests

– Adson test
– Wright hyperabduction test
– Roos test
– Costoclavicular test

Rotator Cuff/Supraspinatus Tests

– Empty can/supraspinatus test
– Drop arm test

Rotator Cuff/Infraspinatus and Teres Minor Tests

– Patte test
– Lift-off test

Scapular Tests

– Lateral scapular slide test
– Isometric pinch test
– Scapular assistance test
– Scapular retraction test

Biceps Tendon Tests

– Yergason test
– Speed test

Shoulder Impingement Tests

– Neer’s sign test
– Hawkin test
– Yocum test

Shoulder Stability Tests

– Apprehension test
– Fowler’s sign
– Load and shift test

Labral Disorder Tests

– Active compression test (O’Brien)
– Crank test
– Compression-rotation test

AC Joint Tests

– Apley scarf test

Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis Tests

– Resisted wrist extension
– Resisted wrist flexion and pronation

Elbow Stability Tests

– Posterolateral rotatory instability
– Varus stress
– Jobe test (valgus stress)
– Moving valgus stress test

Carpal Ligament and Joint Tests

– Reagan test (lunotriquetral ballottement test)
– Watson test (scaphoid shift test)
– Shear test to assess the lunate triquetral ligament
– Ulnocarpal stress
– Finkelstein test
– Thumb basilar joint grind test

Median Nerve Tests at the Wrist

– Carpal compression test
– Phalen test (wrist flexion)
– Wrist extension test (reverse Phalen test)
– Tinel’s sign at the wrist

Lumbosacral and Lower Limb

Lumbar Spine Motion Tests

– Schober test
– Modified Schober test

Lumbar Disk Herniation Tests

– Straight-leg raise
– Crossed straight-leg raise
– Bowstring sign
– Slump test
– Ankle dorsiflexion test (Bragard sign)
– Femoral nerve stretch test

Sacroiliac Joint Disorder Tests

– Standing flexion test
– Seated flexion test
– Gillet test (One-leg Stork test)
– Compression test
– Gapping test (Distraction)
– Patrick (FABERE) test
– Gaenslen test
– Shear test
– Fortin finger test

Hip Tests

– Thomas test
– Ely test
– Ober test
– Piriformis test
– Trendelenburg test
– Patrick (FABERE) test
– Stinchfield test

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tests

– Anterior drawer test
– Lachman test
– Pivot shift test

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tests

– Posterior sag sign
– Posterior drawer test

Patellofemoral Tests

– Patellar grind test (compression test)

Knee Meniscal Injury Tests

– Joint line tenderness
– McMurray test
– Apley grind test

Ankle Stability Tests

– Anterior drawer test
– Talar tilt

Syndesmosis Tests

– Syndesmosis squeeze test

Achilles Tendon Rupture Tests

– Thompson test
– Palpation test

Source: BRADDOM’S – PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION