Non-surgical Modalities Used to Treat Musculoskeletal Pain
Medications
- Analgesic
- Anti-inflammatories
- Antispasmodic
- Antidepressant
- Topical
Bracing
- Soft or rigid lumbosacral supports
- Cervical collars
- Orthotics
- Joint immobilizers
- Shoe lift
Physical Therapy
- Thermal:
- Heat
- Infrared heat lamps
- Diathermy
- Ultrasonography
- Cold packs
- Ice massages
- Electrical
- Interferential current
- TENS unit
- Nerve stimulators
- Spinal cord stimulators
- Iontophoresis
- Mechanical:
- Spinal traction
- Massage
- Myofascial treatment
- Joint mobilization
- Manipulation
- Shock waves
- Hydrotherapy
- Whirlpool baths
- Warm water pool
- Swimming pool: Aquatic exercises
- Contrast baths
- Laser
- Biofeedback
Exercise
- Stretching and strengthening
- Aerobic
- Coordination
- Sport and activity specific (Do not forget swimming)
Integrative
Acupuncture- Yoga, Pilates, and Tai Chi
- Traditional treatments
- Nutrition
Injection
Including analgesics, anesthetics, platelet rich plasma (PRP), ozone (O3), anti-inflammatories…
- Nerve blocks
- Trigger points
- Spinal injections
- Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections
- Joint injections
- Prolotherapy
Psychological
- Counseling
- Cognitive based
- Group sessions